Construction on the complex began in 1872 and opened in 1880 as the state-of-the-art Buffalo State Asylum for the Insane. The process brought together three innovative thinkers and designers of the time: Henry Hobson Richardson, the father of the Richardsonian Romanesque architectural style; Frederick Law Olmsted, the American landscape architect who had designed Central Park in New York City; and Dr. Thomas Story Kirkbride, the founder of the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane (AMSII), a precursor to the American Psychiatric Association.